Orbituaire
ROBERT BROCK LE PAGE
It
is with sadness that the Society for Caribbean Linguistics announces the
passing of Professor Robert B. Le Page on Thursday 12 January 2006. Prof. Le
Page died of a stroke and was in his late 80s. Prof Le Page was the second
Vice-President, third President of the SCL (1978-1980) and honorary member of
the SCL since 1982. He was Emeritus Professor of Language at the University of York where he supervised many a fine
thesis on West Indian language by up and coming (British) West Indian and
British scholars.
Prof. Le Page was a pioneer in the development of Creole linguistics. The SCL
took pride and pleasure in publishing Prof Le Page' memoirs, Ivory Towers:
The Memoirs of a Pidgin Fancier, in 2002, as well as the SCL's 9th Occasional Paper in 1978, 'Projection, Focussing, Diffusion,' or, Steps towards a Sociolinguistic
Theory of Language, illustrated from the Sociolinguistic Survey of Multilingual
Communities. Stages I: Cayo District,
Belize (formerly British Honduras), and
II: St. Lucia (OP No.9, Jul 1978).
Prof Le Page will continue to be remembered and honoured by many, including his many former students who held him in the highest regard,
and the SCL wishes to extend sincerest and heartfelt condolences to all his
loved ones and friends. The funeral of Robert B. Le Page was held at St. Paul's Church, Heslington,
UK on Thursday 19 January 2006.
DUE RESPECT
The following is based largely on the tribute paid to Robert B. Le Page in
Pauline Christie's Dedication in Due Respect - Papers on English and
English-Related Creoles in the Caribbean in honour of
Professor Robert Le Page (edited by Pauline Christie, Kingston: UWI
Press, 2001).
To anyone observing the population of the South London borough of Eltham today, the Caribbean connection is obvious. But its complexion was very different in the 1920s when
young Robert Le Page was growing up there. Nothing about his early upbringing
suggested that he would ever have much contact with Caribbean speakers, let alone devote most of his career to their language. He received
his secondary education at Christ's Hospital, a private school in Horsham,
Sussex , to
which he had won one of the very few open scholarships available, and, on
leaving school, was apprenticed to a firm of chartered accountants. However,
his budding career there was cut short after four years by the outbreak of
World War II. Young Le Page joined the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy and
served in it for the duration of the war.
In 1945, after his discharge from the Navy, he took the first steps in the
direction which was to take him eventually to
Jamaica . He
registered for a BA degree in English Language and Literature at Keble College, Oxford University and,
after graduating in 1948, became a teaching assistant at the University of Birmingham and a
tutor at Oxford, while
working on a PhD thesis on Early English prosody.
September 1950 saw Le Page taking up a position as an assistant lecturer in the
Department of English at the new University College of the
West Indies, Mona,
Jamaica . His
interest in Early English verse soon paled before a growing fascination with
the Jamaican vernacular. During his second year in Jamaica , Manfred Sandmann, Professor of Modern Languages, aware of
this development, introduced him to Frederic Cassidy, a visiting Fulbright
scholar from the University of Wisconsin.
Cassidy, who was soon to become Le Page's collaborator and close friend, had
been born in Jamaica and had
spent his early years there. What is more, he had a deep interest in dialectology.
Not long after that meeting, Philip Sherlock, then Deputy Vice-Chancellor at
Mona and Head of the Extra-Mural Department, passed on to Le Page the entries
in a competition which had been organized by the Gleaner newspaper in
1944 for the "best list of dialect words and phrases." These further
stimulated his interest. Together with Cassidy, he started collecting
"dialect" words and later Old Witch and Anansi stories among the Maroons of Accompong.
In 1953, Bob Le Page launched a relatively informal linguistic survey of the
British Caribbean with financial assistance from the Commonwealth Fund of the
Carnegie Foundation. Soon afterwards began the collaboration with Fred Cassidy
which was to result eventually in the Dictionary of Jamaican English, published
by Cambridge University Press in 1967 (second edition 1980). To better equip
himself for his new ventures, he took courses in linguistics at the University of Michigan,
United
States . He also benefited
from the assistance of other scholars who shared his broad interest, chief
among them David DeCamp, a Fulbright scholar in
Jamaica in 1957, Beryl Loftman Bailey, a Jamaican
working towards a PhD on Jamaican Creole at Columbia University, New York, who
had come home for a short while to do fieldwork, and Jack Berry, a British-born Africanist. Help was forthcoming, too, from Louise
McCloskey, who had had training in dialect survey work at the University of Edinburgh. She
worked as his research assistant for a year. The survey took him all over the
region collecting data and at the same time familiarising himself with West Indian life and also with a cross-section of those who were
normally part of it. The experience was to serve him well in later years.
In 1959, Le Page convened the first ever international conference on Creole
language studies at Mona. He was then also putting together an account of
Jamaica 's
settlement history. It was published in 1960 in a volume entitle Creole
Language Studies I: Jamaican Creole, which also included transcriptions and
analyses by DeCamp of recorded stories told by a
Maroon, Emmanuel Rowe. This is the first attested use of the label,
"Jamaican Creole." It was patterned on the term "Haitian
Creole," which had been used by Professor Robert Hall for his description
of that variety, published in 1953. In 1961, a second volume appeared, Creole
Language Studies II. This contained proceedings of the Mona conference,
edited by Le Page.
After ten years, Bob Le Page left
Jamaica to
become professor of English at the University of Malaya. Four
years later, he returned to England to head
the Department of Language at the new University of York. This
department was to a large extent his own creation. Among other things, students
specializing in linguistics were exposed to Creole. There came a succession of
graduate students from the Caribbean, most of
them assisted by scholarships arranged through Professor Le Page's efforts.
Before long, York had
become known throughout the country - and internationally - as a centre for
Creole studies.
Le Page's direct involvement with the Caribbean did not end with his
resignation from the University College, Mona.
He was partly responsible for the second international conference on Creole
language studies at Mona in 1968, out of which came the seminal volume, Pidginization and Creolization of Languages, edited by Dell Hymes. He was also
one of those instrumental in the establishment of the Society for Caribbean
Linguistics, of which he was elected president four years later. In the early
1970s he directed a survey of multilingual communities concentrating on Cayo District, British Honduras (now
Belize ) and St.
Lucia . The research was
to form the basis for Acts of Identity, which appeared in 1985, produced
jointly with Andrée Tabouret-Keller
of the University of Strasbourg, France. He encouraged the introduction of
courses in linguistics at the University of the West
Indies, which had become, in 1962, a degree-granting
institution in its own right, and was, for some years, the external examiner
for the courses taught. York graduates in linguistics have been among the members of the teaching staff on
all three campuses over the past three decades.
Professor Le Page retired in 1988, but remained active until recently as
Professor Emeritus at York. On his
retirement, he generously donated copies of the tapes and other documentation
from his surveys of multilingual communities to the Department of Language and
Linguistics at Mona.
Forty years after the first international conference on Creole languages in
1959, we pay special tribute to Robert Brock Le Page, a pioneer.
Rispek juu!
"Respect is due."
R.B. LE PAGE:
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS